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Meaning of Thinking
the process of forming an opinion or ideaabout something, or the opinions or ideas formed by this process
Types of Thinking:
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Critical thinking is an important skill to acquire, by obtaining this skill; a person will be able to make an appropriate decisions.
What is critical thinking? According to the reading, critical thinking is "reacting with systematic evaluation to what you have read or heard." It is important for a person to think critically in order to better understand a certain situation. Critical thinking skills allows people to see all sides of an issue, look for creative alternatives, approaches to problems, and make well thought out decisions. When a person understands what the writer or speaker is trying to convey, they are able to agree or disagree with the writer or speaker because they have the knowledge to make their decision. The skills an individual needs to obtain in order to think critically is first, consider the importance of the issue. Once the issue is important to the individual, they can begin searching for more information by ask important question pertaining to the issue and reflecting on the answers. Asking the right questions gives a person more specific information about the issue. Once they identifying the correct facts they will be able to think collaboratively of different ways to proceed. With this understanding, the individual can reach an opinion base on the available information and arrive at a conclusion. A critical thinker looks at all the options prior to making the final decision
The purpose of critical thinking is to achieve understanding, evaluate viewpoints, and solve problems. In order for a person to be a good critical thinker they must be able to identify the issue, ask thought provoking questions, find new solutions, be a good listener, suspend judgment until al...
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Knowledge is generated through critical and creative thinking. Creative thinking is something new or original that is created with value. Critical thinking is a type of thinking that questions assumptions and validates or invalidates a current belief or something that is said to be previously true. Knowledge is created through the culmination of generally accepted assumptions and creativity. How do you separate general assumptions and creativity? These two types of thinking can be easily separated in regards to concrete or realistic ideas compared to abstract or original ideas however to generate new, acceptable knowledge critical and creative thinking must interact together.
Decision Making
This is a very important phase of not only planning, but also for the whole management. After alternative courses are discussed, a decision is taken about the right course of action. Drucker says, "A decision is something that takes place prior to the actual performance of the action that has been decided upon. It is a conclusion that the manager has reached as to what he or others should do at some later time".
Problem solving:
A problem is any conflict or difference between one situation and another situation we wish to produce our goal. The thinking that we do in problem solving is thus goal directed and motivated by the need to reduce the discrepancy between one state of affair and another. In trying to reach the goal of problem solution, we use information available to us from long-term memory.
Problem solving can be done by trial and error or by insight.
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Thinking is the cognitive activities you use to proces information, solve problems, make decisions, and create new ideas. You use your thinking skills when you try to make sense of experiences, organize information, make connections, ask questions, make plans, or decide what to do.
There are several different types of thinking or ways to think.
Creative thinking – refers to the ability to conceive new and innovative ideas by breaking from established thoughts, theories, rules, and procedures. It involves putting things together in new and imaginative ways. Creative thinking is often referred to as “thinking outside the box.”
Critical thinking – refers to the ability to exercise careful evaluation or judgment in order to determine the authenticity, accuracy, worth, validity, or value of something. In addition to precise, objective analysis, critical thinking involves synthesis, evaluation, reflection, and reconstruction. And rather than strictly breaking down the information, critical thinking explores other elements that could have an influence on conclusions.
Problem solving
Problem solving is a systematic search through a range of possible actions in order to reach a predefined goal. It involves two main types of thinking: divergent, in which one tries to generate a diverseassortment of possible alternative solutions to a problem, and convergent, in which one tries to narrow down multiple possibilities to find a single, best answer to a problem. Multiple-choice tests, for example, tend to involve convergent thinking, whereas essay tests typically engage divergent thinking.
Decision making can be described as a process of making a decision or decisions, based on choices made amongst two or more competing course of actions. The ‘Decision making’ also requires making a define choice between two or more alternatives course of actions that are available.
In every decision making, there is said to be a positive and negative outcome as future consequence(s).
The importance of decision making in individual daily life and in organization level was demonstrated by two scientists, Arkes and Hammond (1992), in ‘Judgment and Decision making’ indentified the four types of information which decision maker requires constructing a decision tree.
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